Ixora parviflora with high polyphenol content exhibited antioxidant activity and reducing UVB-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production. In this study, results of the photoaging screening experiments revealed that IPE at 1000?�µg/mL reduced the activity of bacterial collagenase by 92.7 �± 4.2% and reduced the activity of elastase by 32.6 �± 1.4%. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms by which IPE exerts its anti-photoaging activity. IPE at 1?�µg/mL led to an increase in type I procollagen expression and increased total collagen synthesis in fibroblasts at 5?�µg/mL. We found that IPE inhibited MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 expression at doses of 1, 5, and 10?�µg/mL, respectively, in fibroblasts exposed to UV irradiation (40?mJ/cm2). Gelatin zymography assay showed that IPE at 50?�µg/mL inhibited MMP-9 secretion/activity in cultured fibroblasts after UVB exposure. In addition, IPE inhibited the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK induced by UVB. Furthermore, IPE inhibited the UVB-induced expression of Smad7. In addition, IPE at 1?�µg/mL inhibited NO production and COX-2 expression in UV-exposed fibroblasts. These findings show that IPE exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-photoaging activities, indicating that IPE could be a potential anti-aging agent.
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